# CushionGuide — The Pattern Room: guides

> 139 pages: measuring, foam, fabric and care patterns. Each page opens with "The quick answer" and answers common buyer questions under "Buyer questions". Root overview: https://cushionguide.com/llms.txt

## Measuring & making patterns

- [Accent chair and sofa chair seat cushions, replaced to the old shape](https://cushionguide.com/guides/accent-chair-seat-cushions/): To replace an accent chair seat cushion, measure the width between the arms at the back and the front, the seat depth, and the old cushion's thickness, and send a photo of the chair.
- [Adirondack chair cushions that follow the slope of the seat](https://cushionguide.com/guides/adirondack-chair-cushions/): Measure Adirondack chair cushions along the slats, not across the floor, taking six numbers: seat width at front and back, seat depth along the slope, back width at bottom and top, and back height from the seat to the top slat.
- [How to measure a window seat cushion when the walls aren't square](https://cushionguide.com/guides/how-to-measure-window-seat-cushion/): To measure a window seat cushion in an older home, take the width at the front edge and along the back wall, then the depth at the left end, middle and right end, all from the face of the trim and to the nearest 1/8 in (0.3 cm).
- [Replacement cushions for a nursery glider, piece by piece](https://cushionguide.com/guides/glider-rocker-replacement-cushions/): To replace glider rocker cushions, measure each piece on its own: the seat's front width, back width and depth; a T-seat's letters so A + B + B = C; the back's top width, bottom width and height; each arm pad's length, width and drop; and…
- [Replacement covers for a floor sofa: fit, color change and single pieces](https://cushionguide.com/guides/floor-sofa-replacement-covers/): Floor sofa replacement covers are zippered covers sold without foam or metal bars: a standard set is two 78 x 39 x 6.5 in (200 x 100 x 17 cm) seat covers and two 39 x 39 x 15 in (100 x 100 x 39 cm) L-shaped backrest covers.
- [Why mildew grows under a window seat cushion in winter, and what helps](https://cushionguide.com/guides/window-seat-cushion-mildew-condensation/): Mildew under a window seat cushion comes from condensation: warm, moist room air meets a cold sill or glass, and the water sits under a cushion that never lifts.
- [Porch swing cushion sizes: measuring a 4, 5 or 6 ft swing](https://cushionguide.com/guides/porch-swing-cushion-sizes/): Size a porch swing cushion from inside the arms; the label length is the frame, not the seat.
- [Corduroy modular floor sofas and cushions: wale size, nap direction, why no piping](https://cushionguide.com/guides/corduroy-cushions-wale-nap-direction/): A corduroy cushion for a sofa or floor seat should be wide wale, roughly 3 to 8 ribs per inch, with every piece cut so the nap runs the same way.
- [Standard cushion sizes, and when yours isn't one of them](https://cushionguide.com/guides/standard-cushion-sizes-chart/): Standard cushion sizes are store conventions rather than rules: US chair pads run about 15 to 18 in square, twin daybed mattresses 38 x 75 in (97 x 191 cm), chaise cushions about 72 to 75 x 22 to 24 in, and porch swing pads about 45 or 55…
- [Matching throw pillows and lumbars to a seat cushion, color by color](https://cushionguide.com/guides/matching-throw-pillows-lumbar-pillows/): Matching throw pillows work best as a trio: one pillow in the seat cushion's own fabric, one that repeats the piping color, and one quiet texture.
- [Making a paper template a cushion workshop can actually use](https://cushionguide.com/guides/paper-template-for-custom-cushion/): A cushion template is a full-size paper tracing of the seat, marked top side up, with the wall edge, two measured reference lines and every edge length written on it.
- [Floor cushion thickness: how thick before you stop feeling the floor](https://cushionguide.com/guides/floor-cushion-thickness-guide/): For most floor seating, choose 4 to 6 in: a tufted floor cushion is about 4 in (10 cm) as standard and a floor-seating seat about 6 in (15 cm).
- [What to write in a custom cushion order note: sizes, codes and extras](https://cushionguide.com/guides/custom-cushion-personalization-note/): In a custom cushion personalization note, write one line per cushion with length x depth x thickness and the unit, then the fabric code and piping code as chart codes, extras such as ties or a backrest, and any delivery date.
- [Tufted floor cushion couch sets: what's in the set and which size to choose](https://cushionguide.com/guides/tufted-floor-couch-set-sizes/): A tufted floor cushion set is four separate pieces: one hand-tufted seat, a backrest the same length and 16 in (40 cm) tall, and two round armrest bolsters, all filled.
- [Can you sleep on a floor sofa? Bed size, firmness and sheets](https://cushionguide.com/guides/floor-sofa-bed-size-firmness/): A modular floor sofa opens into a guest bed of about 79 x 79 in (200 x 200 cm), close to king size, when its two seat mattresses lie side by side.
- [How to measure an IKEA Hemnes daybed: two stacked mattresses, one cover](https://cushionguide.com/guides/ikea-hemnes-daybed-cover-measuring/): An IKEA Hemnes daybed cover should be one fitted, zippered cover made to the mattresses' length and width plus their combined stacked height.
- [Measuring wicker and patio furniture for replacement cushions](https://cushionguide.com/guides/patio-furniture-replacement-cushions/): To order patio furniture replacement cushions, measure the frame's seat opening and back rather than the tired old cushion, then check whether the inserts still spring back.
- [When a custom cushion is the wrong size or color: remakes, fixes and what to send](https://cushionguide.com/guides/custom-cushion-remake-wrong-size-color/): If a custom cushion arrives the wrong size, let the foam recover for 72 hours, measure across the flat middle, and send tape photos of length, depth and thickness with your order note.
- [Outdoor cushion care: cleaning, drying and storing them for winter](https://cushionguide.com/guides/outdoor-cushion-care-winter-storage/): Outdoor cushion care comes down to keeping them clean and dry: brush off debris, wash zip-off covers at 86°F (30°C) on a gentle cycle, air dry them, and stand cushions on edge after rain.
- [Bar stool cushions sized to round, square and saddle seats](https://cushionguide.com/guides/bar-stool-cushion-sizes/): Size bar stool cushions from the seat, not the stool: measure a round seat's diameter twice, a square seat on all four edges and trace a saddle seat on paper.
- [How to measure dining chairs for seat pads with ties](https://cushionguide.com/guides/dining-chair-pad-measurements/): To measure a chair seat for a cushion, take three numbers: the front width, the back width between the back posts, and the depth down the middle, then both side edges if the seat tapers.
- [Will a window seat cushion fade? Choosing fabric for sun through glass](https://cushionguide.com/guides/window-seat-cushion-fading-sun/): A window seat cushion can fade gently over the seasons when hours of direct sun reach it through the glass, so choose a fabric rated 6 or higher on the 1-to-8 blue wool lightfastness scale, or a sun-resistant outdoor fabric for full sun.
- [Boneless sofas and couches explained: foam, metal bars and the box they arrive in](https://cushionguide.com/guides/boneless-floor-sofas/): A boneless sofa is a frameless couch built entirely from foam pieces.
- [How exact is a made-to-measure cushion? Handmade tolerance explained](https://cushionguide.com/guides/custom-cushion-size-tolerance/): A made-to-measure cushion is cut to the exact size you write, but the finished piece can land within about 1/2 to 1 in (1.3 to 2.5 cm) of it.
- [Replacing patio swing cushions on canopy swings and vintage metal gliders](https://cushionguide.com/guides/canopy-swing-and-metal-glider-cushions/): For a patio swing cushion replacement on a canopy swing or metal glider, measure the seat deck and the back as two separate pieces, then decide whether they join at a fold or stay apart.
- [What to measure for a custom daybed mattress cover](https://cushionguide.com/guides/daybed-mattress-cover-measurements/): For a custom daybed mattress cover, measure the mattress itself, not the daybed frame: length, width and thickness at the widest and thickest points, plus the corner shape.
- [Measuring a T-cushion for an armchair or sofa, ear to ear](https://cushionguide.com/guides/t-cushion-replacement-measuring/): For a T cushion replacement, measure six things: the front width ear to ear, the back width between the arms, the total depth, the ear depth from the front edge to where the arm begins, the step on each side, and the thickness.
- [How to order a custom cushion size that isn't in the size menu](https://cushionguide.com/guides/custom-size-cushion-not-on-menu/): To order a custom size cushion that isn't on the menu, choose the size option that covers your measurements, or the next larger one if you fall between two, and write the exact length x depth x thickness, fabric code and piping code in…
- [Soft headboard cushions that hang from a rail, not a board](https://cushionguide.com/guides/headboard-cushions-without-a-board/): A headboard cushion without a board is a soft backrest hung at the bed head: a removable piped cover over about 4 in (10 cm) of shredded foam, or a firmer solid foam core wrapped in fiber.
- [Every cushion shape, drawn once, with the numbers it needs](https://cushionguide.com/guides/cushion-shapes-chart/): Cushion shapes fall into a few families: rectangles and squares, angled shapes such as trapezoids and clipped corners, polygons, corner runs (L, U, T), notched seats, curves, and traced shapes.
- [What a Prop 65 warning on a cushion does and doesn't tell you](https://cushionguide.com/guides/prop-65-warning-cushions/): A Prop 65 warning on a cushion means the business says the product can expose you to a chemical on California's Proposition 65 list; it does not mean the cushion is banned or proven harmful at that level.
- [One printable cushion measuring worksheet for any shape you order](https://cushionguide.com/guides/printable-cushion-measuring-worksheet/): A cushion measuring worksheet records one shape per sheet: length (A), depth (D) and thickness (T) for a rectangle; front, back, straight depth, both slants and both diagonals for a trapezoid; each run for an L or U; the diameter for a…
- [Measuring a 3-sided bay window seat cushion, panel by panel](https://cushionguide.com/guides/bay-window-seat-cushion-3-sided/): Measure a 3-sided bay window seat cushion as a center panel plus two angled wings, taking every number from the trim face: the back edge of each panel, the full front edge, the depth at both ends of every section (use the smaller), any…
- [How to measure an L-shaped bench or corner banquette for cushions](https://cushionguide.com/guides/l-shaped-bench-cushion-measurements/): Measure an L-shaped bench as two straight runs: each wall from the back corner to its end, plus the seat depth of both legs.
- [How to order fabric swatches that actually settle the decision](https://cushionguide.com/guides/fabric-swatches-before-ordering/): Order cushion fabric swatches by shortlisting up to 5 fabric codes, including the piping colors you are weighing, and writing every code in the note of a single sample order.
- [Cushion covers for allergies: natural fibers, known fills and covers that wash](https://cushionguide.com/guides/cushions-for-allergies-natural-fibers/): For an allergy-prone home, choose a zippered cushion cover in 100% cotton, pure linen or a cotton-linen blend, ask what the fill is made of, and wash the cover at 86°F (30°C).
- [Corner floor cushion sizes: reading the quarter circle](https://cushionguide.com/guides/corner-floor-cushion-quarter-circle-size/): A corner floor cushion is sized by its two straight sides, the ones that sit against the walls, so 48 x 48 in means 48 in along each wall from the back corner.
- [Measuring rounded corners, oval wicker seats and bistro benches](https://cushionguide.com/guides/rounded-corner-cushion-measuring/): To measure a rounded corner cushion, write the full length and depth as if the corners were square, then measure how far from each corner point the curve begins along both edges.
- [Outdoor chair cushions: measuring patio chairs for seats and backs](https://cushionguide.com/guides/outdoor-chair-cushions/): To order outdoor chair cushions, measure the width between the armrests, the seat depth and the back-cushion height you want, with the chairs standing where they will live.
- [How to measure a bench for a custom cushion (the bench, not the old pad)](https://cushionguide.com/guides/how-to-measure-bench-for-cushion/): To measure a bench cushion, measure the bench seat itself, wood to wood: the length at the front and the back, the depth at both ends, and anything that rises above the seat.
- [Ordering new cushion covers for foam you already own](https://cushionguide.com/guides/cushion-covers-for-existing-foam/): To order replacement cushion covers, measure the bare insert seam to seam while it lies relaxed, record its true thickness without rounding, and say whether it is foam, fiber or a mattress.
- [Striped cushions: which way the stripes run, and why](https://cushionguide.com/guides/striped-cushion-stripe-direction/): On a long bench cushion, stripes run front to back by default, because the fabric roll is only about 55 in (140 cm) wide and front-to-back stripes let the top be cut in one piece.
- [Zabuton and meditation floor cushions: choosing size, thickness and fill](https://cushionguide.com/guides/zabuton-meditation-floor-cushion-size/): A meditation floor cushion setup pairs a flat zabuton, about 28 to 30 in (71 to 76 cm) across and 1 to 2 in (2.5 to 5 cm) thick, with a smaller raised seat on top.
- [Pet-friendly cushion fabric: what holds up to claws, hair and muddy paws](https://cushionguide.com/guides/pet-friendly-cushion-fabric/): The best pet-friendly cushion fabric is a tight, flat, loop-free weave in a mid-tone, sewn as a zip-off cover that washes at 86°F (30°C).
- [Specifying custom cushions for a client, line by line](https://cushionguide.com/guides/custom-cushion-spec-sheet-for-designers/): Specify custom cushions for a client one row per piece: location, shape, length x depth x thickness in inches, fabric code plus a backup code, piping code, edge, zipper side, ties, back height measured from the top of the seat cushion…
- [From your drawing to your doorstep: how a custom cushion is made](https://cushionguide.com/guides/how-custom-cushions-are-made/): A custom cushion is made in order: your measurements and fabric code arrive, shaped pieces get a drawing you approve, then the fabric is cut, the foam is cut slightly oversize and wrapped, and the cover is sewn with piping and a zipper.
- [Dry-fast foam for outdoor cushions: when you need it and when you don't](https://cushionguide.com/guides/dry-fast-foam-outdoor-cushions/): Insist on dry-fast (reticulated) foam when outdoor cushions stay out uncovered: on an open deck, by the pool, or through a rainy season.
- [Assembling floor sofa metal bars, and keeping the sofa from sliding](https://cushionguide.com/guides/floor-sofa-support-bars-assembly/): Floor sofa metal bars join by twisting and pushing each section until the small spring dots click into their holes; no screws are needed.
- [Making templates for boat cushions, V-berths and cockpit benches](https://cushionguide.com/guides/boat-cushion-templates-v-berth/): To get boat cushions that fit a V-berth or curved cockpit bench, trace each plywood base in paper or thin plastic, mark 'top side up' and 'bow' on every piece, and photograph it flat with a tape measure in frame.
- [How to draw a custom-shaped cushion so it isn't made mirror-image](https://cushionguide.com/guides/custom-shape-cushion-drawing/): A good custom shape cushion drawing shows the seat from above as you stand in the room, with a letter and a typed measurement on every edge, short returns included, the wall and front edges marked, and the zipper or non-slip face noted.
- [Replacing a discontinued cushion by copying the one you have](https://cushionguide.com/guides/copy-existing-or-discontinued-cushion/): To copy an existing or discontinued cushion, measure the old one seam to seam and the frame it sits in, note the edge style, piping, zipper side, ties and true thickness, and photograph it beside a white card in daylight.
- [Velvet floor cushions: pile, tufts and the marks a box leaves behind](https://cushionguide.com/guides/velvet-floor-cushions/): A velvet floor cushion set is four pieces: a tufted floor cushion about 4 in (10 cm) thick, a backrest pillow 16 in (40 cm) tall and two round bolsters.
- [Velvet seat cushions: how the pile catches the light on a chair](https://cushionguide.com/guides/velvet-seat-cushions/): A velvet seat cushion from the workshop is 4 in (10 cm) thick as standard, or 2 in (5 cm) as a tie-on chair pad, cut to your exact seat in short-pile polyester velvet with piping included.
- [Faux leather seat cushions: easy to wipe, but know the trade-offs](https://cushionguide.com/guides/faux-leather-seat-cushions/): A faux leather seat cushion wipes clean in seconds, but it has trade-offs: PU versions can peel in warm, humid rooms after two to three years, PVC stiffens near 32°F (0°C) and can crack in the cold, and both feel warm and sticky under…
- [How to match a new cushion to your sofa, paint or wallpaper](https://cushionguide.com/guides/match-cushion-to-sofa-paint-wallpaper/): To match cushion fabric to an existing couch, photograph the couch in daylight beside a white card, send it in for closest-code suggestions, then order swatches of the shortlist and judge them against the couch at home.
- [Hanging egg chair cushions and hammock pads, measured from the old one](https://cushionguide.com/guides/hanging-egg-chair-and-hammock-cushions/): For an egg chair cushion replacement, lay the old cushion flat and measure it seam to seam, then trace it on paper and photograph the tracing beside a tape measure, plus the chair straight from the front.
- [How long does cushion foam last, and how do you keep it in shape?](https://cushionguide.com/guides/how-long-does-cushion-foam-last/): Cushion foam lasts about as long as its density allows: published guides put 2.0 lb/ft³ (32 kg/m³) seat foam at several years of daily use, while 1.5 lb/ft³ budget foam can take permanent dents in 1 to 3 years.
- [Cushions for 7-sided and rounded bay window seats in older homes](https://cushionguide.com/guides/7-sided-rounded-bay-window-seat-cushion/): A 7-sided bay window seat cushion is usually made as several angled sections, with a break at each corner, so every piece lifts out on its own.
- [Commercial seating cushions for cafés, rentals and offices: what to specify](https://cushionguide.com/guides/commercial-cushions-cafe-rental-specs/): Commercial seating cushions need three things a home cushion can skip: contract-grade fabric rated around 40,000 Martindale or more, high-density foam at about 2.0 lb/ft³ (32 kg/m³), and zippered covers that come off for washing, ideally…
- [Getting a custom cushion quote: what to send so it's right the first time](https://cushionguide.com/guides/custom-cushion-quote-what-to-send/): For a custom cushion quote, send every piece as length x depth x thickness with a quantity, the unit after every number, the fabric and piping you want, and a photo plus a drawing for any shape that isn't a rectangle.
- [RV and camper dinette cushions: measuring seats that become a bed](https://cushionguide.com/guides/rv-camper-dinette-cushions/): Measure RV dinette cushions one piece at a time: every seat, back and side run gets its own length, depth and thickness.
- [CertiPUR-US foam explained: what the seal certifies and how to check it](https://cushionguide.com/guides/certipur-us-foam-explained/): CertiPUR-US certifies flexible polyurethane foam only, not the cover fabric or the finished cushion.
- [Cushion fabric pilling: why it happens and how to handle it](https://cushionguide.com/guides/cushion-fabric-pilling/): Cushion fabric pills when friction teases loose fibers into small knots and strong polyester fibers hold those knots on the surface instead of letting them fall.
- [Can indoor cushions go on a covered or screened porch?](https://cushionguide.com/guides/indoor-cushions-covered-porch/): Indoor cushions can go on a covered porch only when a closed roof keeps rain and direct sun off the seat.
- [New foam cushion smell: how long it lasts and how to air it out](https://cushionguide.com/guides/new-foam-cushion-smell-airing/): New foam cushion smell is strongest in the first one to three days after unpacking and usually fades over one to four weeks with airflow.
- [How to wash removable cushion covers without shrinking them](https://cushionguide.com/guides/how-to-wash-cushion-covers/): To wash cushion covers, unzip them fully, turn them inside out and machine wash at 86°F (30°C) at most on a gentle cycle with mild detergent and no bleach.
- [How tall should a back cushion be? Sizing backrests to your seat](https://cushionguide.com/guides/back-cushion-height-sizing/): A standard back cushion is 16 in (40 cm) tall and 4 in (10 cm) thick, made the same length as the seat, with its height measured from the top of the seat cushion.
- [IKEA Kallax bench cushion sizes for every unit and combined run](https://cushionguide.com/guides/ikea-kallax-bench-cushion-sizes/): A Kallax bench cushion is 15 3/8 in (39 cm) deep on every unit, because every Kallax is 15 3/8 in deep.
- [How to measure a curved cushion with a chord, a rise and one formula](https://cushionguide.com/guides/curved-cushion-chord-rise-radius/): To measure a curved cushion, stretch a straight line from one end of the curve to the other (the chord), then measure from the middle of that line out to the curve (the rise).
- [Matching fabric from a previous order: dye lots, add-ons and discontinued colors](https://cushionguide.com/guides/dye-lots-matching-cushions-later/): Matching fabric from a previous order can come very close but is never guaranteed identical, because every dye lot shifts slightly in tone.
- [How to dimension a notch so a cushion fits around posts and casings](https://cushionguide.com/guides/notched-cushion-cutouts-posts-casings/): A notched cushion is dimensioned from above with three numbers per notch: its offset from a named end, its width along the edge and its depth into the cushion.
- [Bouclé and teddy cushions: living with loops, snags and pets](https://cushionguide.com/guides/boucle-teddy-cushions-snags-care/): A bouclé cushion suits accent pillows and low-traffic floor seating better than a busy family bench, because its loops catch claws, rings and hook-and-loop tape and hold pet hair.
- [Your cushion arrived vacuum-packed: what happens in the first 72 hours](https://cushionguide.com/guides/vacuum-packed-cushion-first-72-hours/): A vacuum-packed foam cushion rises in 48 to 72 hours and reaches its ordered size in 3 to 4 days, occasionally up to a week.
- [Foam density vs firmness: why a dense foam can still feel soft](https://cushionguide.com/guides/foam-density-vs-firmness-ild/): Foam density and firmness are two different numbers: density is weight per cubic foot and signals durability, while ILD (also called IFD) is the pounds of force needed to press a 4 in sample down 25% and signals feel.
- [TB 117-2013 and US fire rules for cushions, in plain English](https://cushionguide.com/guides/tb-117-2013-cushion-fire-rules/): TB 117-2013 is a smolder test, using a lit cigarette, for a seat cushion's cover fabric, barrier and filling, and it can be passed without added flame-retardant chemicals.
- [Sunroom and three-season room cushions: fabric for sun, heat and damp](https://cushionguide.com/guides/sunroom-cushion-fabric-humidity/): For sunroom cushions, choose fabric for the room's harshest exposure: outdoor fabric where hours of direct sun, screened walls or regular damp reach the seat, and indoor velvet or smooth microfiber only under a solid roof, away from wet…
- [OEKO-TEX Standard 100 on a cushion: what it covers and how to check it](https://cushionguide.com/guides/oeko-tex-standard-100-cushions/): An OEKO-TEX Standard 100 label means the certified textile was tested against harmful-substance limits for its product class, from class I for babies to class IV for decoration.
- [Performance fabric on a cushion: what the word does and doesn't promise](https://cushionguide.com/guides/performance-fabric-cushions-explained/): Performance fabric cushions use cloth built to handle daily spills and wear, but the word covers three different things: a barrier built into the cloth, a surface finish that wears off and needs re-treating, or a fiber that resists stains…
- [How to find cushions without added flame-retardant chemicals](https://cushionguide.com/guides/flame-retardant-free-cushions/): To find flame retardant free cushions, read the California law label for the box stating the product contains NO added flame retardant chemicals, then ask the maker in writing about the foam and the fabric separately.
- [Replacement sofa and couch cushions: measuring, foam and covers](https://cushionguide.com/guides/replacement-sofa-seat-cushions/): To replace sofa cushions, send the length, depth and thickness of each piece, measured from the old cushion if it fit well or from the seat deck if it didn't, with photos of a tape along every side.
- [Bolster pillow sizes: choosing diameter and length for a seat or daybed](https://cushionguide.com/guides/bolster-pillow-size-diameter/): A standard bolster pillow is 8 in (20 cm) in diameter, with a length that matches the seat depth or runs about 4 in (10 cm) shorter.
- [The best cushion fabric for kids: spills, sticky hands and covers you can wash](https://cushionguide.com/guides/kid-friendly-cushion-fabric/): The best cushion fabric for kids is a tight, smooth performance weave or a polyester velvet, made up as a zippered cover that machine-washes at 86°F (30°C) on a gentle cycle.
- [The best fabric for kitchen banquette cushions, spills included](https://cushionguide.com/guides/kitchen-banquette-cushion-fabric/): The best fabric for kitchen banquette cushions is a tight, smooth performance weave or a polyester velvet, sewn as a zippered cover that comes off and machine-washes at 86°F (30°C) on a gentle cycle.
- [Why the color on your screen isn't the cushion you'll get, and how to choose](https://cushionguide.com/guides/cushion-color-screen-vs-daylight/): Fabric color looks different on screen because a screen shines light at you while cloth only reflects the light in your room, so tones can shift about 5 to 10%.
- [Reading nook bolsters, back pillows and a seat depth that invites a nap](https://cushionguide.com/guides/reading-nook-cushion-bolsters/): A reading nook cushion should be thicker and deeper than a dining bench cushion: about 4 in of foam, a round bolster about 8 in across at each end, and back pillows about 16 in tall against the wall.
- [Dacron-wrapped foam: why a good cushion is cut slightly oversize](https://cushionguide.com/guides/dacron-wrapped-foam-cushion/): Dacron-wrapped foam is a firm foam core jacketed in polyester fiber batting before it goes into the cover, and it is cut slightly bigger than the cover on purpose.
- [Stain first aid for cushions: coffee, juice, mud and muddy paws](https://cushionguide.com/guides/cushion-stain-removal-first-aid/): To clean a cushion stain, blot it with a white cloth, never rub, then dab from the outside in with cool water and a drop of mild soap after testing a hidden seam.
- [Caring for a tufted cushion: re-sewing a button and cleaning by hand](https://cushionguide.com/guides/tufted-cushion-care-buttons-cleaning/): To clean a tufted cushion, spot clean it where it sits: vacuum the surface, blot any spill, wipe gently with a damp cloth and a little mild soap and water, then let it dry flat.
- [How to make a rocking chair cushion template that fits the seat](https://cushionguide.com/guides/rocking-chair-cushion-template/): To fit a rocking chair cushion to a curved seat, trace the seat onto paper, cut it out, write the widest width and front-to-back depth on it, and photograph it flat from above beside a tape measure.
- [Cushions for lift-up storage benches: where to split and how to hold them](https://cushionguide.com/guides/storage-bench-cushion-hinged-lid/): A storage bench cushion should be split at every lid line so each section lifts with its own lid, and a cushion that rides on a lid needs ties on the hinge side only.
- [Piano bench cushions: sizing the top and choosing a thickness for playing](https://cushionguide.com/guides/piano-bench-cushion-size/): A piano bench cushion should match the bench top, most often 14 x 30 in, and stay thin, 1 to 3 in, because every inch of foam raises the player's forearms against the keys.
- [Papasan cushion size: how to measure the bowl for a round cushion](https://cushionguide.com/guides/papasan-cushion-size/): Measure a papasan straight across the top of the bowl, rim to rim, then add about 2 to 3 in for the finished cushion diameter.
- [How to keep back cushions upright on benches and banquettes](https://cushionguide.com/guides/back-cushions-staying-upright/): To keep back cushions in place, match the fix to what's behind them: ties for slats or a rail, a non-slip backing for a flat wall, a wedge shape for a lean.
- [Is a floor sofa right for you? Floor couch height, back support and space](https://cushionguide.com/guides/floor-sofa-buying-guide-height-space/): A floor sofa suits you if everyone who sits on it can get down to a seat about 14 in (36 cm) high and back up again, and your room has space for its footprint.
- [Cushion tie placement for chairs, porch swings and benches](https://cushionguide.com/guides/cushion-tie-placement-chairs-swings/): Cushion ties go where the furniture can hold them: two at the back corners of a chair pad, four at the corners of a bench cushion knotted underneath, two on the back edge for a rail.
- [Kids' play couch sizes: choosing a floor sofa by age and room](https://cushionguide.com/guides/kids-floor-sofa-size-by-age/): A kids floor sofa of about 24 x 50 in suits a 2-year-old, a 32 in (80 cm) corner cushion suits a 4-year-old, and a 47 in (120 cm) corner fits a parent reading alongside.
- [Velvet bench cushions: how the pile behaves and how to care for it](https://cushionguide.com/guides/velvet-bench-cushion-care/): Care for a velvet bench cushion by brushing the pile, steaming from a distance and washing the zippered cover at 86°F (30°C) on a gentle cycle.
- [Cushion zipper placement: back edge, underside and odd shapes](https://cushionguide.com/guides/cushion-zipper-placement/): The zipper goes on the back edge of the cushion, the side that faces the wall, window or chair back, or on the underside, where nobody sees it.
- [Cushion measurements explained: length, depth, thickness and units](https://cushionguide.com/guides/cushion-measurements-length-depth-thickness/): Every cushion size is three numbers: length (A), measured side to side along the front; depth (D), from the front edge back to the wall; and thickness (T), how tall the cushion stands.
- [U-shaped banquette cushions: measuring three runs that never quite match](https://cushionguide.com/guides/u-shaped-banquette-cushions/): Order U-shaped banquette cushions as three straight pieces: one long cushion for the back run that fills both corners, and two side cushions, each shortened by the back cushion's depth.
- [How to make a daybed look like a sofa with back cushions and bolsters](https://cushionguide.com/guides/daybed-back-cushions-sofa-look/): To make a daybed look like a sofa, dress the mattress in a fitted cover, line the wall with back cushions about 20 in (50 cm) tall, and finish each end with a bolster or rectangular side pillow.
- [Measuring a chaise lounge or sunbed cushion, hinge point included](https://cushionguide.com/guides/chaise-lounge-sunbed-cushion-size/): Measure a chaise lounge cushion by its overall length and width, then foot to hinge, so the cushion bends with the frame.

## Side-by-side comparisons

- [Down-wrapped or all-foam? Choosing the top of a seat cushion](https://cushionguide.com/guides/down-wrapped-vs-foam-seat-cushions/): A down-wrapped cushion is a foam core inside an envelope of down and feather: sink-in soft, relaxed-looking and in need of regular plumping.
- [Real linen or linen-look? Reading a cushion fabric label honestly](https://cushionguide.com/guides/real-linen-vs-linen-look-cushion-fabric/): Linen-look fabric is usually polyester woven to imitate linen's slub, while real linen is a natural flax fiber that softens, creases and can shrink in a warm wash.
- [Cut-to-size foam vs a finished cushion: the honest comparison](https://cushionguide.com/guides/cut-to-size-foam-vs-finished-cushion/): Cut-to-size foam is enough when you already own a cover you love or plan to sew one: you specify length, depth, thickness, density and firmness, and the fit is yours.
- [Window seat dimensions and the cushion sizes that fit them](https://cushionguide.com/guides/window-seat-dimensions/): Typical window seat dimensions are 18 to 24 in (46 to 61 cm) deep, 36 to 72 in (91 to 183 cm) wide and 16 to 21 in (41 to 53 cm) high to the top of the cushion, about 18 in on average.
- [Corner floor sofa layouts: L-shapes, U-shapes, open or closed corners, straight runs](https://cushionguide.com/guides/modular-floor-sofa-layouts/): A modular floor sofa can be laid out straight, as an L, as an open or closed corner, or as a U, all from the same pieces.
- [Waterproof outdoor cushions, honestly: fabric, seams, zippers and foam](https://cushionguide.com/guides/water-repellent-vs-waterproof-cushions/): Most outdoor cushions are water-repellent, not waterproof: the fabric beads rain and sheds a shower, but water still gets in through needle holes, zippers and tufting.
- [Choosing cushion fabric: seven families compared for real homes](https://cushionguide.com/guides/cushion-fabric-types-compared/): For most indoor cushions, the linen-look performance weave is the safest choice: the best seller, soft, durable, wipeable and machine washable at 86°F (30°C).
- [Made to measure or off the shelf? A fair test for your seat](https://cushionguide.com/guides/made-to-measure-vs-ready-made-cushions/): Ready-made cushions win when the seat is a standard size, the use is light and you need it this week.
- [Which piece owns the corner? Joining L-shaped bench cushions](https://cushionguide.com/guides/l-shaped-cushion-corner-joint/): For most L-shaped bench cushions, make two rectangles that butt together: one cushion runs into the corner and the other is shortened by that cushion's depth, so a 61 in run beside a 19 in deep cushion takes about a 42 in piece.
- [Floor seating for real evenings: cushions, corner seats and low sofas](https://cushionguide.com/guides/floor-seating-ideas/): Floor seating comes in five common forms: a tufted floor cushion about 4 in high, a 34 x 34 in corner floor cushion, a tufted set with a 16 in backrest and two bolsters, a kids' floor sofa about 8 in thick, and a modular floor sofa with a…
- [Choosing a custom cushion maker online: twelve questions first](https://cushionguide.com/guides/how-to-choose-a-custom-cushion-maker/): Choose a custom cushion maker by the answers it gives in writing, not its photos.
- [How to stop a bench cushion sliding: ties, a non-slip base or velcro?](https://cushionguide.com/guides/stop-bench-cushion-sliding-ties-nonslip/): To stop a bench cushion from sliding, match the fix to the surface: a non-slip base for seats on smooth painted or wooden tops and backs against a flat wall, and fabric ties for slats, spindles, frames and hinged lids.
- [Slipcover, new covers or new cushions: pick the right fix](https://cushionguide.com/guides/slipcover-or-new-cushion-covers/): Whether a couch needs a slipcover or new cushion covers depends on what is worn.
- [Martindale rub count and double rubs: what the numbers tell you](https://cushionguide.com/guides/martindale-vs-double-rubs-fabric/): A Martindale rub count and a Wyzenbeek double-rub count both measure how much rubbing an upholstery fabric survives before it wears through, but they use different machines and cannot be converted into each other.
- [What a custom cushion costs, explained by what goes into it](https://cushionguide.com/guides/custom-cushion-cost-price-drivers/): A custom cushion's cost is set mainly by its size, then by thickness above the standard 2 to 5 in (5 to 12.5 cm), a non-rectangular shape, fabric type, hand tufting and add-ons such as a non-slip base or ties.
- [Window seat cushion thickness compared: 2, 3, 4 and 5 inches](https://cushionguide.com/guides/window-seat-cushion-thickness/): Most window seat cushions should be 3 or 4 in (7.5 or 10 cm) thick.
- [One long cushion or two? Splitting a long bench or window seat](https://cushionguide.com/guides/long-bench-cushion-one-piece-or-two/): A long bench cushion is usually best split into equal pieces once the run passes about 79 to 90 in (200 to 230 cm).
- [Bullnose and waterfall-front cushions, explained by the edge](https://cushionguide.com/guides/bullnose-cushion-rounded-front-edge/): A bullnose cushion has its top, front and bottom cut from one continuous piece of fabric, so the front edge rolls over with no seam.
- [Linen bench cushions: which 'linen' is on your bench, and how it wears](https://cushionguide.com/guides/linen-bench-cushions/): Most linen bench cushions are covered in a linen-look weave, which is mostly polyester, or in a 50/50 blend of linen and polyester or of cotton and linen.
- [The best foam for a bench cushion depends on the bench](https://cushionguide.com/guides/best-foam-for-bench-cushions/): For most indoor bench cushions, the best foam is high-density polyurethane of at least 1.8 lb/ft³ (29 kg/m³), medium-firm, 3 to 4 in (7.5 to 10 cm) thick and wrapped in polyester fiber.
- [Online maker, local upholsterer or your own sewing machine?](https://cushionguide.com/guides/custom-cushions-vs-upholsterer-vs-diy/): Order from an online maker when your seat is a rectangle, trapezoid or L you can measure and draw.
- [High-density foam, memory foam, latex or fiber: which cushion fill?](https://cushionguide.com/guides/high-density-foam-vs-memory-foam-latex/): For most seat cushions, high-density polyurethane foam is a better fill than memory foam: it springs back, holds a crisp edge and suits window seats and benches.
- [Back cushion filling compared: shredded foam, a solid wedge or fiber](https://cushionguide.com/guides/back-cushion-fill-shredded-foam-vs-wedge/): For most benches and banquettes, a shredded-foam back pillow over a firm foam seat is the right default: soft to lean on, yet it keeps its shape against a wall.
- [Tufted bench cushion or plain? Buttons, looks and washability](https://cushionguide.com/guides/tufted-vs-plain-cushions/): Choose a tufted bench cushion for a hand-finished, sculpted look, and a plain zippered foam cushion if the cover must come off for washing.
- [UV-resistant outdoor cushion fabric compared: solution-dyed acrylic, olefin, polyester](https://cushionguide.com/guides/outdoor-cushion-fabric-acrylic-olefin-polyester/): Solution-dyed acrylic holds color longest and feels softest, olefin resists stains by nature but feels rougher, and batch-dyed polyester costs least and fades soonest, all within a 1,000 to 2,000-plus hour UV class.
- [Matching, contrast or no piping: choosing the line around a cushion](https://cushionguide.com/guides/cushion-piping-matching-contrast-none/): Choose matching (self) piping for a guaranteed color match and a tailored edge, contrast piping when you want the outline to carry a second color, and no piping for a soft, flat seam.
- [Box edge, knife edge, bullnose: cushion edge styles explained](https://cushionguide.com/guides/box-edge-vs-knife-edge-cushion/): A knife edge cushion is two panels sewn together with one seam around the middle of the edge, so it tapers soft and relaxed; a box edge cushion adds a side band, or gusset, between top and bottom, giving two seams and square sides that…

## Patterns with a calculator

- [How to measure a trapezoid cushion so the numbers close](https://cushionguide.com/guides/trapezoid-cushion-measurements/): Trapezoid cushion measurements are the front edge, the back edge and the straight depth taken at 90 degrees, plus both slanted sides as a check.
- [How to raise floor sofa seat height, layer by layer](https://cushionguide.com/guides/floor-sofa-seat-height-raise/): A floor sofa seat sits about 13.5 to 14.5 in (34 to 37 cm) off the floor, and the simplest way to raise it is to add a layer.
- [5-sided bay window cushions: working out angles, sections and seams](https://cushionguide.com/guides/5-sided-bay-window-cushion-calculator/): Measure a 5-sided bay window cushion edge by edge: every back segment, the short end returns, the front and the depth at each break, each with its own letter.
- [Measuring a hexagon cushion, or an octagon, without a protractor](https://cushionguide.com/guides/hexagon-and-octagon-cushion-measuring/): A regular hexagon cushion is set by one side length: across the flats is side × 1.732 and across the corners is side × 2.
- [Banquette seating dimensions, from seat height to how many fit](https://cushionguide.com/guides/banquette-seating-dimensions/): Standard banquette seating dimensions: a finished seat 17 to 19 in (43 to 48 cm) high to the top of the cushion, 18 in typical, which sits 10 to 12 in below a 28 to 30 in table.
- [Banquette cushion thickness: getting table height and knee room right](https://cushionguide.com/guides/banquette-cushion-thickness-table-height/): Most banquette cushions should be 2 to 3 in (5 to 7.5 cm) thick, chosen so the cushion top sits 10 to 12 in below the tabletop and your thighs still clear the apron or rail underneath.
- [Foam density conversion: lb/ft³ to kg/m³ for cushion foam](https://cushionguide.com/guides/foam-density-lb-ft3-kg-m3/): To convert foam density, divide kg/m³ by 16.02 to get lb/ft³, or multiply lb/ft³ by 16.02 for kg/m³.
- [A 1-to-10 cushion firmness scale for how your family actually sits](https://cushionguide.com/guides/cushion-firmness-scale-1-to-10/): A good everyday seat cushion sits around 6 to 7 on a 1-to-10 firmness scale, where 1 is very plush and 10 is a bed you barely sink into.
- [How thick should a bench cushion be? Work back from seat height](https://cushionguide.com/guides/cushion-thickness-seat-height-calculator/): Subtract your bench height from the seat height you want, and the difference is your cushion thickness.
- [How much fabric do you need for a bench cushion? Yardage worked out](https://cushionguide.com/guides/fabric-yardage-for-cushions/): A piped box cushion for a 48 x 18 x 3 in bench needs about 2 yd of 55 in wide fabric, counting top, bottom, boxing strip, zipper plaque and piping.